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Stanley Mosk (September 4, 1912 – June 19, 2001) was an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court for 37 years (1964–2001), and holds the record for the longest-serving justice on that court. Before sitting on the Supreme Court, he served as Attorney General of California and as a trial court judge, among other governmental positions. Mosk was the last Justice of the California Supreme Court to have served in non-judicial elected office prior to his appointment to the bench. The Los Angeles County Courthouse is named after him.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Stanley Mosk Courthouse / Los Angeles County Courthouse )〕 == Early life and career == Mosk was born in San Antonio, Texas, but his parents moved when he was three years old, and he grew up in Rockford, Illinois. His parents, Paul and Minna, were Reform Jews (of Hungarian and German origin, respectively) who did not believe in strict religious observances.〔Hon. Stanley Mosk, Oral History Interview (Berkeley: California State Archives Regional Oral History Office, 1998), 1-3.〕 Since Rockford sits next to the Wisconsin border, Mosk's parents followed Wisconsin politics and were strong supporters of Progressive Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 3.〕 Mosk graduated from the University of Chicago in 1933 with a bachelor's degree in philosophy.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 8.〕 Mosk's life was strongly affected by the Great Depression. Because his father's business in Rockford was floundering, his parents and brother relocated to Los Angeles, and Mosk ended up following them after graduating from college, as they could not afford to support him for any further studies in Chicago.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 8.〕 At the time, it was still possible to use the last year of a bachelor's degree as the first year of a three-year law degree program, so while living with his parents, Mosk was able to obtain a law degree in only two years. He earned a LL.B from Southwestern University School of Law in 1935 and was admitted to the bar that same year.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 8-9.〕 Thanks to the Depression, none of the major L.A. firms were hiring; Mosk opened his own solo practice and shared an office with four other solos, each of whom maintained separate practices.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 9.〕 During those difficult years, Mosk was a general practitioner who took whatever walked in the door.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 12.〕 While practicing law, Mosk occasionally assisted the Democratic politician Culbert Olson with campaigning, and in 1939 was given the job of executive secretary to Olson,〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 13-14.〕 the first Democrat elected Governor of California in the 20th century. During Olson's last days in office, after his defeat for re-election by Republican Earl Warren, he appointed Mosk a Superior Court judge at the age of 31, the youngest in the state. Mosk faced opposition at his first retention election (California is a modified Missouri Plan state), but prevailed. Mosk left the Superior Court to volunteer for service in the U.S. Army during World War II as a private, but spent most of the war in a transportation unit in New Orleans and was never sent abroad.〔Mosk Oral History Interview, 15-16.〕 After his honorable discharge, he returned to California and resumed his judicial career. As a Superior Court judge, in 1947, he declared the enforcement of racial restrictive covenants unconstitutional before the U.S. Supreme Court did so in ''Shelley v. Kraemer''. He also presided over many widely reported cases. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stanley Mosk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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